Modular Trainer for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems
The Photovoltaic Solar Energy Advanced Trainer provides a comprehensive platform for both theoretical and practical studies related to electrical energy generation from photovoltaic panels. This modular system enables users to conduct various experiments to explore the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) panels, including both off-grid and on-grid operations.

Key Features:
1. Off-Grid Operations:
• Battery charge regulation and storage management.
• Measuring generated power and battery charging.
• Using solar panels and batteries to supply DC loads.
• Designing and testing standalone PV systems in direct storage operation, as well as 230V AC systems.

2. On-Grid Operations:
• Measuring electricity delivered to the mains grid.
• Measuring the solar panel's electricity production and its interaction with the mains grid.
• Monitoring the efficiency of the grid-connected inverter.
• Investigating PV system response to mains failure.
3. Solar Panel Measurements:
• Determining the Solar Panel Voltage-Irradiation Curve and Solar Panel Current-Irradiation Curve.
• Calculating the inner resistance of the solar panel.
• Obtaining the Current-Voltage Curve and Current-Power Curve of the solar panel.
• Measuring the voltage and current under overload conditions.
4. Sun Simulation Module:
• Includes a Sun Simulation Module for indoor use to simulate solar radiation
and adjust the inclination and azimuth of the solar panel.
5. Shadow Formation Study:
• Investigating the PV module response to shadow formation.

Training Objectives:
• Study and measure solar panel performance under varying conditions.
• Understand off-grid and on-grid PV system configurations and performance.
• Analyze and optimize energy production from photovoltaic systems.
Technical Specifications:
• Electronic Charge Regulation Module: Features an LCD display, MPPT tracking, and energy monitoring.
• Load Management Module: Includes three independent single-phase outputs for dynamic load studies.
• Multi-Parameter Monitor Module: Measures electrical parameters in a single-phase circuit.
• Circuit Breaker Module: Provides safety and control.
• DC Load Module: Includes a 12W lamp and a 3W LED lamp, with independent switches, as well as a fan for DC load.
• AC Lamp Load: For both off-grid and on-grid inverter systems.
• Photovoltaic Panel: Inclinable, approx. 40W, 12V, with a solar irradiance measurement cell and temperature sensor (optional based on panel wattage).

• Grid-Tie Inverter/On-Grid System: Study the functioning and transfer of generated output to the grid. Power output can be monitored via mobile or computer.
• Multifunction Measurement Module: Measures solar irradiance (up to 1000 W/m²) and solar panel temperature (up to 400°C)

• Off-Grid Inverter Module: Provides a sinusoidal output at mains voltage. The system is designed with a two-level frame structure and modular components for easy installation and study. Additionally, the Photovoltaic Solar Energy Advanced Trainer comes with optional software developed in LabVIEW for data acquisition and processing, communicating with the system via RS485 serial communication and Modbus RTU protocol.