Specifications:-

• Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus is the related but independent phenomena observed in flows in pipes and are of significant interest to hydraulics engineers associated with power plants. When the fluid flowing in the pipe is suddenly accelerated or decelerated by opening or closing of valves, high pressures and pressure fluctuations are experienced inside pipes. The sudden rise of pressure in the pipe line has the effect of hammering action on the walls of the pipe and this phenomenon is known as water hammer. The pressures obtained because of water hammer may damage the pipe material or the associated components. Hence, the system has to be designed to withstand high pressures and vibrations caused by water hammer. Surge tanks are built in the pipe line to reduce pressures and pressure fluctuations due to the water hammer and also to regulate flow of water to the turbines in a typical hydro-electric power plant. Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus is a self-contained unit designed to demonstrate the phenomenon of pipe surge and water hammer by gradual or fast closing of valves in the pipe line. Two separate stainless steel straight pipes with service module and constant head tank are used in this equipment. The pipe surge apparatus employ a clear acrylic surge shaft to visualize and demonstrate gradual velocity or pressure rise and pressure oscillations due to the closing of valve slowly. The scale on the shaft enables the amplitudes of the oscillations to be measured. Pipe surge resulting from gradual closure of valves causing changes in fluid velocity is clearly seen as change in the level in the surge shaft. A lever operated gate valve and a separate flow control valve are mounted at the end of the test pipe. The Water Hammer Apparatus employ a quick closing valve and a pair of pressure transducers which are mounted near the valve and far upstream. Water hammer resulting from the sudden closure of valve is seen as a large increase in pressure and can be measured using pressure transducers. Analogue voltage outputs from these pressure transducers can be recorded for detailed studies. Water hammer phenomena can also be simulated on a computer. A Hydraulic Bench consisting of measuring tank, storage tank and centrifugal pump is used to circulate water. Water enters the two test pipes through the constant head tank and discharges into the measuring tank. Water returns to the storage tank through the dump valve at the bottom of the measuring tank. The Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus is a very important module and are recommended for all Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratories in Educational Institutions. A list of common experiments that can be conducted using the Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus is given below.

?????Technical Details:

1. Constant head PVC tank, 900 mm high, capacity 60 liters.

2. Pipe surge test pipe, stainless steel, 22mm ID, 3m long.

3. Surge shaft, clear acrylic, 40mm ID, 900mm long.

4. Slow closing ball valve and flow control valve.

5. Water hammer test pipe, stainless steel, 22mm ID, 3m long.

6. Quick closing valve.

7. Pressure transducers, 2 Nos., range -1 to 70 bar.

8. Analog/Digital signal converter with software for data display on computer.

9. Hydraulic Bench, fiber glass, 180 lit. Storage tank, stepped 10 lit. and 50 lit. Measuring tank and 0.5 KW

10. Centrifugal

11. pump.

12. Data acquisition, processing and simulation software. (Optional)

13. Dual trace storage oscilloscope (Optional).