Measurement of Magnetoresistance in Different Samples

Order Code: 55532A

SPECIFICATION

It is noticed that the resistance of the sample changes when the magnetic field is turned on. The phenomenon,called magnetoresistance, is due to the fact that the drift velocity of all carriers is not same. With the magnetic field on; the Hall voltage V=Eyt=|v x H| compensates exactly the Lorentz force for carriers with the average velocity; slower carriers will be over compensated and faster one under compensated, resulting in trajectories that are not along the applied field. This results in an effective decrease of the mean free path and hence an increase in resistivity.

Here the above referred symbols are defines as: v = drift velocity; E = applied electric field; t = thickness of the crystal; H = Magnetic field.

Experimentental Set-up for Magnetoresistance

The set-up consists of the following:

Four probe arrangement
Sample: (Ge: n-type)
Constant Current Source
Digital Microvoltmeter
Electromagnet
Constant Current Power Supply
Digital Gaussmeter

(1) Four Probe arrangement°

It consists of 4 collinear, equally spaced (2mm) and individually spring loaded probes mounted on a PCB strip. Two outer probes for supplying the constant current to the sample and two inner probes for measuring the voltage developed across these probes This eliminates the error due to contact resistance which is particularly serious in semiconductors A platform is also provided for placing the sample and mounting the Four Probes on It.

(2) Sample

Ge Crystal (n-type) dimensions: 10 x 10 x 0.5mm.

(Standard Sample included to enable the user to check the functioning of the setup)

(3) Constant Current Source

(for low resistivity to medium resistivity samples)

It is an IC regulated current generator to provide a constant current to the outer probes irrespective of the changing resistance of the sample due to change in temperatures. The basic scheme is to use the feedback principle to limit the load current of the supply to preset maximum value. Variations in the current are achieved by a potentiometer included for that purpose. The supply is a highly regulated and practically ripples free d.c. source. The constant current source is suitable for the resistivity measurement of thin films of metals/ alloys and semiconductors like germanium.

Specifications

Open Circuit Voltage : 10V
Current Range : 0-20mA, 0-200mA
Resolution : 10A
Accuracy : 0.25% of the reading 1 digit
Display : 3½ digit, 7 segment LED with autopolarity and decimal indication
Load Regulation : 0.03% for 0 to full load
Line Regulation : 0.05% for 10% changes

(4) D.C. Microvoltmeter

(5) Electromagnet

(6) Constant Current Power Supply

(7) Digital Gaussmeter

The experimental set-up is complete in all respect.

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