Features:
Investigation of flow in compressible fluids1
Varied range of experiments for studying subsonic and transonic flow1
de Laval nozzle generates velocities up to Ma 1
Compressible fluids change their density due to pressure change in the flow. Flows with velocities less than Ma 0,3 are regarded as incompressible and the change in density is negligible. At higher velocities, the density has to be included in calculations. These conditions must be taken into consideration when designing e.g. turbo compressors, jets, and fast planes.
Tesca Compressible Flow of Fluids Apparatus is used to investigate airflow in various ranges of velocity.
A radial fan with infinitely variable speed control draws in air from the environment. At the intake, the airflow is accelerated in a measuring nozzle. Further down the measuring section, the air flows through interchangeable measuring objects. Drawing in the air and the arrangement of the measuring objects on the intake side of the fan minimize turbulence when flowing into the measuring objects. All measuring objects are made of transparent material and provide excellent insight into the inner structure.
Pressure losses are studied in a pipe elbow, various pipe sections, and a nozzle with sudden enlargement. The nozzle with a gradual enlargement (de Laval nozzle) provides an introduction to the topic of transonic flow. The volumetric flow rate is measured in an orifice using a differential pressure manometer. The orifice is fitted with four interchangeable orifice disks for different measurement ranges. The fan's characteristic curve can also be recorded by using a throttle valve.
The measured values for volumetric flow rate, pressure, and speed are displayed digitally. The well- structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Specifications:
Investigate the flow of compressible fluids
Subsonic and transonic airflow
Variable speed on the radial fan for adjusting the mass flow
Minimized turbulence by drawing in air and optimum arrangement of the measuring objects

Transparent measuring objects with connectors for pressure measurement provide insight into the internal structure
Measuring nozzle for determining the mass flow
Pressure  losses  in  subsonic  flow  in  pipe elbows and various pipe sections
Pressure curve at subsonic and transonic nozzle flow
Orifice for determining volumetric flow rate by differential pressure measurement
Record  fan  characteristic  curve  using  a throttle valve
Digital displays for pressures, velocity, and speed
Data Logging with educational software and electronic temperature sensors

Technical Specifications:
Radial fan
Max. speed: 34000min-1
Max. volumetric flow rate: 206m³/h
Max. head: 271bar
Max. power consumption: 1,6kW Measuring objects
Pipe section: 1m, diameter: 16, 24, 34mm
90° pipe elbow
2 nozzles, inner diameter: 12...34mm with sudden enlargement
With a gradual enlargement (de Laval nozzle)
Orifice with orifice disks, diameter: 12, 19, 25, 32mm
Throttle valve, diameter: 34mm Measuring ranges
- Speed: 0...99999min-1
Pressure: 1x 0...25mbar, 1x 0...200mbar, 1x 0...1000mbar
velocity: 0...65m/s

Experiment Capabilities:
Pressure losses in pipes and pipe elbows
Flow in convergent/divergent nozzles
Supersonic flow in the de Laval nozzle
Determine the speed of sound in the air
Compare calculation methods for incompressible and compressible flow
Use complete continuity equation
Determine mass flow using nozzle and volumetric flow rate using orifice
Record calibration curve for orifice
Record fan characteristic curve at different mass flows and speeds

Required Services:
Electric Supply 230V AC, Single Phase, Earthed.