Features

• Investigation of all relevant buckling problems
• Verification of the Euler Theory of buckling 
• Methods of force and deflection measurement 
• Supplementary set for experiments with eccentric application of force and transverse loading  
• Comprehensive instructional material 

In technical mechanics, loss of stability is known as buckling. Under the effects of compressive forces, and under increasing load, the axis of the bar deflects laterally until it suddenly and violently fails (collapses), even before the fracture point is reached. The stresses in the bar often remain within the elastic range during this process. 
Tesca Buckling Behavior of Bars investigates the buckling behavior of bars under various influences. All relevant buckling problems are demonstrated by way of experimentation. 
For this purpose, one end of a bar is fixed or pinned, depending on the buckling case. A height-adjustable load-carrying cross-arm and a hand-operated spindle are used to apply a compressive force to the bar. An axial bearing between the spindle and the bar support prevents torsional loading of the test bar. A hydraulic load cell measures the applied force and indicates it on a pressure gauge. The lateral deflection of the bar is indicated on a dial gauge. 
Experiments demonstrate various influences, such as bar lengths, materials, and methods of support. A  transverse load application device can be used to generate additional shear forces on the test bar. The experimental unit can be operated vertically or horizontally. The load gauge can be rotated 90° to adjust to the chosen option. A supplementary set extends the scope of experimentation offered by Tesca Buckling  Behavior of Bars. The various elements of the experiment are clearly laid-out and housed securely in a storage system. 

Specifications
Investigation and testing of all relevant buckling cases 
Verification of the Euler Theory of buckling 
Experiments in horizontal or vertical orientation 
Test bars in various lengths and materials 
Test bar ends pinned or fixed 
Spindle to apply forces 
Transverse load application device generates shear forces 
Force measurement using a hydraulic load cell 
Measurement of lateral deflection by dial gauge 
Additional experiments with supplementary set 
Storage system to house the components 

Technical Specifications
Test bars 
      -     Quantity: 11 
      -     Bar length: 350...700mm (max.) 
      -     Material: aluminum, copper, brass, steel, GRP 
     -     Cross-sections: 10x4mm, 25x6mm, 25x10mm 
Load application spindle 
      -     Force: max. 2000N 
      -     Stroke: max. 10mm 
Lateral deflection: max. 20mm 
Specimen holder bore: d=20mm 
Measuring ranges 
      -     Force: 0...2500N, graduations: 50N 
      -    Deflection: 0...20mm, graduations: 0,01mm 
Set of weights for transverse load: max. 20N 
      -     3x 5N, 1x 5N (hanger) 

Experiments
Investigation of buckling behavior under the influence of  
      -     Various methods of support 
      -     Various bar lengths, cross-sections
      -     Various materials 
Verification of the Euler Theory: buckling on elastic bars 
Determination of the modulus of elasticity for an unknown material (GRP) 
Measurement of force and deflection 
Calculation of the expected buckling force by the Euler formula 
Graphical evaluation of deflection and force With supplementary set  
Investigation of buckling behavior under the influence of 
     -     Various cross-sectional shapes 
     -     Eccentric application of force 
     -     Additional transverse loading 

Scope of Delivery

• 1 experimental unit 
• 11 test bars 
• 1 dial gauge with bracket 
• 1 storage system 
• 1 set of instructional material